However, a mixed model analysis validated the effect of high-pH water on high-shear viscosity when compared to standard purified water ( p = 0.0213) after controlling for covariates such as age and baseline values. Other measured biomarkers (plasma osmolality, bioimpedance, and body mass change) revealed no significant difference between the two types of water for rehydration. ResultsĪfter exercise-induced dehydration, consumption of the electrolyzed, high-pH water reduced high-shear viscosity by an average of 6.30% compared to 3.36% with standard purified water ( p = 0.03). Furthermore, a mixed model analysis was performed for additional validation. The following biomarkers were assessed at baseline and during their recovery period: blood viscosity at high and low shear rates, plasma osmolality, bioimpedance, and body mass, as well as monitoring vital signs. Participants were randomized to rehydrate with an electrolyzed, high-pH (alkaline) water or standard water of equal volume (2% body weight) and assessed for an additional 2-h recovery period following exercise in order to assess any potential variations in measured parameters. All individuals exercised in a warm environment (30 ☌, 70% relative humidity) until their weight was reduced by a normally accepted level of 2.0 ± 0.2% due to perspiration, reflecting the effects of exercise in producing mild dehydration. One hundred healthy adults (50 M/50 F, 31 ± 6 years of age) were enrolled at a single clinical research center in Camden, NJ and completed this study with no adverse events.
High blood viscosity trial#
This randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm trial assessed the effect of high-pH water on four biomarkers after exercise-induced dehydration. Additional parameters are needed to fully appreciate and better understand rehydration following strenuous exercise. Currently, changes in body mass are used as a parameter during post-exercise hydration. No specific hydration marker is universally accepted as an ideal rehydration parameter following strenuous exercise. When patients are with high leukocytosis and thrombocytosis, impaired blood viscosity should also be considered to obtain appropriate clinical management.Previous research has shown fluid replacement beverages ingested after exercise can affect hydration biomarkers. On the other hand, none of the variables could affect plasma viscosity.Īll the blood cell components, but not the plasma proteins detected above, could affect whole blood viscosity. Not only hematocrit, hemoglobin and RBC, but also WBC and platelet count, could affect whole blood viscosity. Serum fibrinogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL did not correlate with whole blood viscosity.
The relationships of these variables with whole blood or plasma viscosity were analyzed. The variables measured included serum fibrinogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), complete blood counts including hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, red blood cell (RBC) count, WBC count, whole blood and plasma viscosity. One-hundred and 13 subjects with different hemoglobin, WBC and platelet count were enrolled into the study. The aim of the present study was to determine the influences of platelet count and WBC count on blood viscosity. The relationship between hematocrit and viscosity is well-known, however, the relationships between white blood cell (WBC) or platelet count and viscosity were not fully studied. Blood viscosity is correlated with cerebral blood flow and cardiac output, and increased viscosity may increase the risk of thrombosis or thromboembolic events.
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