Moreover, depression and anxiety often coexist and share symptoms. This could be explained by the use of different measurement tools, and the difference in patient characteristics. In our study, we found a stronger correlation between anxiety and demoralization, while depression seems more closely to demoralization in previous studies. Regarding anxiety, depression, and demoralization, it was found that patients with low levels of anxiety or depression had low levels of demoralization, which is consistent with a previous research. What's more, social support programs such as spiritual care and employment counseling may lower some of the barriers to employment.Īnxiety and depression are the most common psychiatric disorders among patients undergoing dialysis. , This suggests that dialysis facilities could set a convenient dialysis schedule for promoting gainful employment among dialysis patients. , It is suggested that health-care providers should pay more attention to single patients in the future, determine the demoralization level of patients, and meet their spiritual health-related needs.Īs in our study, a significantly lower level of demoralization was found in patients who worked full-time or part-time, which may be because staying on a job can benefit the patients in many ways, such as a source of social support, managed depressive symptoms, increased activity level, and reduced financial burden. Furthermore, family support is directly affected the mental health of dialysis patients, reduced the level of negative emotion, and improved the patients' adherence to medical care as well as quality of life.
, The patients who were single, such as unmarried, divorced, and widowed, had a higher level of demoralization, which indicated that family support is a protective factor against high demoralization. Moreover, these variables have shown a significant correlation with demoralization in previous studies. Around 57.1% of the variance of demoralization could be explained by these four variables. Furthermore, cognitive and supportive therapies may change patients' negative disease cognition and understand their beliefs about the meaning of life.Īccording to the results of multiple linear regression analysis, marital status, employment status, anxiety, and depression had significant correlations with demoralization. Therefore, clinical health-care providers might regularly monitor demoralization among dialysis patients, as this would help in understanding how demoralization changes throughout the disease process. Long-term regular dialysis therapy can negatively affect their social, financial, and psychological well-being. Although dialysis is an acceptable mode of renal replacement therapy, it does have its limitations, which include lower life expectancy, risk of infections, and metabolic disorders. A previous study showed that demoralization is associated with stress and adverse health outcomes. The dimension with the highest score was distress and coping ability, indicating that the dialysis patients in this study were relatively dysphoria, disheartenment, and had a sense of incompetence. The total mean DS-II score in the present sample (11.87) was found higher than a study of 211 patients with cancer or other progressive diseases who were receiving palliative care (mean, 7.64 ).
Findings from multiple linear regression indicated that demoralization was positively correlated with marital status ( β = 0.141 P = 0.001), employment status ( β = 0.113 P = 0.006), anxiety ( β = 0.393 P 11. Dialysis patients had a high level of demoralization. Results: The mean standard deviation DS-II score was 11.87 (7.72). The main analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 278 dialysis patients from a tertiary hospital participated in a cross-sectional descriptive study using a structured questionnaire including assessments of demographic data, Demoralization Scale-II (DS-II), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the demoralization level of dialysis patients in China and analyze the influencing factors.
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